
Tips for Managing Memory in JavaScript
Poor memory management in JavaScript can slow applications down and cause memory leaks. Here, I explore practical tips to write efficient, memory‑safe code.
Articles
The guides are the practical part of this archive: working explanations for a specific web development problem, written to show the decision as well as the answer. The subject varies, but the aim is consistent: enough context to use the technique sensibly rather than copy it blindly.

Poor memory management in JavaScript can slow applications down and cause memory leaks. Here, I explore practical tips to write efficient, memory‑safe code.

Improve Angular routing with scalable URL design, lazy‑loaded feature boundaries, guarded routes, observable loading, and route‑tree maintenance.

A look into how we can use the Intersection Observer API in JavaScript to efficiently track element visibility and how it outperforms historical alternatives.

Not all object copies in JavaScript behave the same way. Explore the difference between deep‑cloning and shallow‑cloning, when to use each, and common pitfalls.

A practical guide to JavaScript iterators and generators, with lazy sequences, custom iteration, generator control flow, and the trade‑offs behind both.

How to choose between a freelancer, agency, or lead‑level contractor for serious web platform work, with a focus on risk, ownership, and delivery.

Flatten arrays in JavaScript with flat(), depth control, recursion, stack‑based helpers, and clear examples of how non‑array values are handled.

How to write effective Angular unit tests that focus on behaviour, TestBed boundaries, realistic setup, and assertions that survive refactoring over time.

master or mainClean up local Git branches safely with commands that keep main or master, explain ‑d versus ‑D, and avoid accidental remote branch mistakes in busy repos.

Find the weekday from a JavaScript date with Date, UTC alternatives, modulo arithmetic, parsing caveats, daylight saving time, and readable day names.

instanceofUncover the differences between JavaScript's instanceof and typeof for type checking, with practical examples and insights on when to use each operator.

A practical guide to implementing authentication in Next.js with NextAuth.js, including sessions, callbacks, route protection, and router‑specific trade‑offs.

reduce() in JavaScriptUnderstand JavaScript reduce() with accumulator patterns, initial values, practical examples, readability trade‑offs, and when reduce() genuinely helps.

How to build a Progressive Web App with Angular, including service workers, caching, offline behaviour, installs, and the trade‑offs behind the defaults.

{} isn't Equal to {}In JavaScript two empty objects are not equal. One of my go‑to interviewing questions, here I offer an explanation and strategies to compare object contents.

Pure functions make JavaScript easier to test, reason about, and reuse. This guide explains what purity means and why it matters in everyday code.

The Vue 3 Composition API explained with practical TypeScript examples, refs, composables, reactivity, and when the pattern genuinely helps larger components.

Angular change detection explained through zone triggers, OnPush, signals, template cost, manual checks, and practical rendering optimisation at scale.