Stale Closures in React: Why Handlers, Effects, and Timers Read Old State
Stale closures in React explained through renders, handlers, effects, timers, refs, dependency arrays, why callbacks read old state, and how to fix them.
Articles
React
React makes it easy to start with a component; the harder work is deciding how that component should behave as the application grows. These articles follow rendering and state across component and API boundaries, with an eye on the trade‑offs that keep a long‑lived codebase understandable.
Stale Closures in React: Why Handlers, Effects, and Timers Read Old State. 
Debugging Hydration Mismatches in React and Next.js. Debugging Hydration Mismatches in React and Next.js
Debugging hydration mismatches in React and Next.js, including common causes, repeatable fixes, and how to stop server and client renders drifting apart.
Mastering Server Components in Next.js. Mastering Server Components in Next.js
Mastering Server Components in Next.js, including client boundaries, data fetching, caching, streaming, and the mistakes that make App Router code messy.
Why Your Next.js App Router Page is Stale: Cache Tags, Revalidation, and CMS Publishing. Why Your Next.js App Router Page is Stale: Cache Tags, Revalidation, and CMS Publishing
Debug stale Next.js App Router pages with cache tags, revalidation paths, CMS webhooks, preview freshness, dependency graphs, and simpler cache contracts.
Pages Router to App Router Migration Risk Checklist. Pages Router to App Router Migration Risk Checklist
A Pages Router to App Router migration checklist for Next.js teams, covering routing, data fetching, caching, metadata, server components, and rollout.
React Developer vs. Next.js Developer: What Actually Changes in Production. React Developer vs. Next.js Developer: What Actually Changes in Production
React developer vs. Next.js developer explained through production concerns: rendering, routing, caching, SEO, deployment, CMS data, and debugging.
Memoisation in JavaScript: Optimising Function Calls. Memoisation in JavaScript: Optimising Function Calls
Memoisation helps JavaScript functions run faster by caching previous results. Here's a clear guide on how and when to use memoisation effectively.
Caching Across React, Next.js and Serverless Applications. Caching Across React, Next.js and Serverless Applications
Compare client‑side React caching, Next.js SSG, ISR and SSR caching, and Redis‑backed caches for reliable serverless data fetching and persistence.
Why JavaScript Pages are Crawled but Not Indexed. Why JavaScript Pages are Crawled but Not Indexed
Why JavaScript pages get crawled but not indexed, covering rendered content, metadata, canonicals, links, noindex rules, quality, and crawl signals.
React SPA to Next.js Migration Checklist for SEO and Indexing. React SPA to Next.js Migration Checklist for SEO and Indexing
A React SPA to Next.js SEO migration checklist for preserving indexing, redirects, metadata, rendered HTML, internal links, crawl paths, and launch confidence.
React's Virtual DOM vs. the Real DOM. React's Virtual DOM vs. the Real DOM
React's virtual DOM describes the UI before reconciliation updates the browser DOM. I explain the costs, list keys and why performance still needs measuring.
Optimising Performance in React with useMemo and useCallback. Optimising Performance in React with
useMemoanduseCallbackOptimise React performance with useMemo and useCallback only where profiling shows expensive calculations, unstable functions, or avoidable re‑renders.
Preventing and Debugging Memory Leaks in React. Preventing and Debugging Memory Leaks in React
Memory leaks in React can cause sluggish performance and excessive memory usage. Here, I explore common causes, how to prevent them, and debugging techniques.
What are Higher‑Order Components in React? What are Higher‑Order Components in React?
Higher‑Order Components (HOCs) in React wrap components to enhance functionality. Here, I explore how HOCs work, common use cases, and when to use them.
React's Reconciliation Algorithm Explained. React's Reconciliation Algorithm Explained
React's reconciliation algorithm updates the UI by comparing the virtual DOM with the previous state. I explore how it works and why it improves performance.
Component APIs Before React Hooks Settled. Component APIs Before React Hooks Settled
A retrospective on React component APIs before hooks settled, covering render props, higher‑order components, context, classes, and migration judgement.
Understanding Transient Props in styled-components. Understanding Transient Props in
styled-componentsUse transient props in
styled-componentsto keep styling‑only props out of the DOM, clean React output, and support safer component migration work.
Introducing Seeded Randomisation into an SSR Gatsby Project. Introducing Seeded Randomisation into an SSR Gatsby Project
Add seeded randomisation to an SSR Gatsby project, keeping content order deterministic across builds whilst still rotating destination‑style content.